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Golden Visa Countries: Best Countries with Golden Visas in 2025

Written by:
Dean Fankhauser
Reviewed by:
Radica Maneva
Our Editorial Standards:

We use the highest editorial standards at Movingto by ensuring every article is written by a qualified lawyer or immigration expert and fact-checked by a Portugal licensed lawyer. Learn more about our Editorial Process.

High-net-worth individuals seeking global mobility and investment opportunities are increasingly interested in Golden Visa countries. Many countries that offer Golden Visa programs provide investors with unique pathways to residency and, in some cases, citizenship.

These residency by investment schemes offer a path to residency, and sometimes citizenship, in exchange for substantial investment in the host country. Countries like Portugal, Spain, and Greece are well-known for their attractive Golden Visa programs, each with its own set of requirements and benefits.

Key Features of Golden Visa Programs

Golden Visa programs provide a legitimate route for individuals and their families to live, work, and study in another country, often with the added possibility of gaining citizenship over time. These programs typically require a qualifying investment, which might include real estate, government bonds, or launching a business.

They're designed to attract foreign capital and offer more than just residency. Depending on the country, participants may enjoy benefits such as:

  • Visa-free travel within certain regions (like the Schengen Zone)
  • Access to high-quality healthcare and education
  • Potential tax advantages for residents or new citizens
  • Pathway to permanent residency or citizenship
  • Lifestyle upgrades, including safety, climate, and cost of living improvements

Golden Visas have become increasingly popular, with many nations now offering tailored programs to attract global investors.

This guide explores various Golden Visa countries, their specific programs, and what they offer potential investors. Whether you're considering a move for business, lifestyle changes, or seeking a Plan B, understanding Golden Visa countries is crucial for informed decision-making.

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Overview of Golden Visa Programs

Golden Visa programs are government initiatives attracting foreign investment by offering residency rights to significant financial contributors.

Investment options typically include real estate purchases, government bonds, business creation, or other qualifying assets. Choosing the right investment option is a key step in the application process.

While Golden Visa programs share similarities, each country's program has unique features, such as specific investment thresholds, residency requirements, and legal procedures. These differences mean that applicants should carefully review the country's policies before applying.

What is a Golden Visa?

Golden Visa Citizenship by Investment

A Golden Visa is a special type of residency by investment program that enables foreign investors to obtain a residence permit—or, in some cases, citizenship, in another country by making a significant financial investment.

These programs are designed by governments to attract foreign capital and stimulate economic growth, often through investments in real estate, government bonds, or business ventures.

Golden Visas offer a fast-track route to residency and, potentially, citizenship, making them highly attractive to investors seeking global mobility and security.

The “golden” aspect refers to the substantial value of the required investment, which can range from €250,000 to several million euros, depending on the country and specific program.

The key benefits of obtaining a Golden Visa are as follows:

  • The right to live, work, and study in the host country
  • Access to high-quality healthcare and education systems
  • Visa-free or visa-free travel to numerous countries, especially within the Schengen Area for European programs
  • A clear path to permanent residency and, in some cases, citizenship
  • The ability to include family members in the application

Investment options typically include purchasing real estate, investing in government bonds, or making business investments.

Each country’s program has its own requirements, but all are designed to provide significant benefits to both the investor and the host country.

General Benefits:

  • Residency rights in the host country
  • Enhanced global mobility
  • Access to quality healthcare and education
  • Potential tax benefits
  • Family inclusion options
  • Pathway to permanent residency or citizenship

Common Requirements:

  • Clean criminal record
  • Proof of legitimate fund sources
  • Minimum investment amount
  • Health insurance coverage
  • Application and processing fees
  • Note: Minimum investment amounts and financial thresholds may differ for a single applicant compared to families.

Typical Investment Options:

Some countries, such as Cyprus, require a minimum property purchase of at least 300,000 euros to qualify for residency or citizenship programs.

While Golden Visa programs share similarities, each country has unique rules, investment thresholds, and benefits. The landscape is diverse and evolving, with programs adapting to global economic conditions and investor demands.

Understanding these fundamental aspects will help you navigate the options available in various Golden Visa countries, aligning your choice with your specific needs and goals.

Top Golden Visa Countries in Europe

Europe offers some of the most sought-after Golden Visa programs, combining attractive investment opportunities with the allure of European residency.

European Union Golden Visa programs offer additional benefits, such as access to the Schengen Area and the ability to live, work, and study across EU member states.

EU golden visas allow investors and their families to enjoy visa-free travel within the Schengen Area and provide a pathway to long-term residency and potential citizenship.

Note: In countries like Cyprus, investors must spend time in the country at least once every two years to maintain their residency status.

Each of these European Golden Visa countries offers unique advantages, catering to different investor profiles and objectives. Consider factors like investment amount, residency requirements, and long-term goals when choosing the most suitable program.

1. 🇵🇹 Portugal

Portugal Golden Visa Guide

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Portugal’s Golden Visa program remains one of the most popular residency-by-investment options in Europe, offering a pathway to EU residency and citizenship with a low physical stay requirement and flexible investment routes.

The program is especially attractive for those seeking Schengen access, a high quality of life, and long-term security for their families, without having to relocate full-time.

Investment Options

  • Capital transfer into qualifying investment funds
  • Support for scientific research or technological innovation
  • Cultural heritage and artistic support
  • Business creation and job generation
  • Urban rehabilitation projects (real estate rehabilitation only)

Benefits

Minimal Stay Requirement Just 7 days per year are required to maintain your residency status.
Path to Citizenship Become eligible for Portuguese citizenship after 5 years.
Access to Public Services Benefit from Portugal’s public healthcare and education systems.
Freedom of Movement Live, work, and study throughout Portugal and the EU.
Family Inclusion Spouse, children, and dependent parents can be included in the application.
Dual Citizenship Portugal allows you to keep your original nationality.

2. 🇪🇸 Spain

Spain Golden Visa Guide

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Spain’s Golden Visa is a favorite among non-EU investors seeking European residency with minimal lifestyle disruption.

With no stay requirement to renew the visa, it appeals to those wanting flexibility while still enjoying access to Schengen travel, a strong economy, and a vibrant cultural life.

After ten years of residency, investors can apply for Spanish citizenship, making it a long-term gateway into Europe.

Investment Options

  • Purchase of real estate worth at least €500,000
  • Investment in Spanish government bonds
  • Shares in Spanish companies or business projects

Benefits

No Minimum Stay Requirement No need to reside in Spain to maintain your residency status.
Path to Citizenship Become eligible for Spanish citizenship after 10 years.
Visa-Free Travel Enjoy unrestricted access across the Schengen Area.
Family Residency Spouse and dependent children are included under the same residency permit.
Healthcare & Education Access Spain’s top-tier public healthcare and university systems.
Live & Work Flexibility Choose to live and work in any of Spain’s culturally rich regions.

3. 🇬🇷 Greece

Greece Golden Visa Guide

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Greece offers one of the most affordable Golden Visa programs in Europe, making it ideal for investors looking for EU residency at a lower threshold.

The program provides fast-track residency with no stay requirement, and recent reforms have updated investment zones and thresholds, keeping Greece competitive and accessible.

It also offers a pathway to citizenship after seven years of residency.

Investment Options

  • Real estate purchase (starting from €250,000 in designated regions)
  • Strategic investments in local businesses or funds

Benefits

Lowest Investment Threshold Cyprus offers the most affordable entry point among EU Golden Visa programs.
No Physical Presence Needed Residency is maintained without the need to live in Cyprus.
Citizenship Eligibility Apply for citizenship after 7 years of holding residency.
Schengen Access Travel freely across the Schengen Zone without additional visas.
Family Residency Includes spouse, children, and dependent parents under one application.
Quality Mediterranean Living Experience relaxed island life with affordable costs and stunning scenery.

4. 🇲🇹 Malta

Malta Citizenship by Investment Guide

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Malta’s Golden Visa, officially the Malta Permanent Residency Programme (MPRP), offers investors a direct route to permanent residency in the EU without the need to relocate.

With a mix of government contributions and property requirements, the program is ideal for those seeking long-term European access, strong global mobility, and a highly respected passport (through separate citizenship options).

Investment Options

  • Government contribution (€98,000 with property rental or €68,000 with property purchase)
  • Administrative fees and due diligence checks
  • Purchase or rental of residential property
  • Charitable donation of €2,000

Benefits

Immediate Permanent Residency Secure permanent residency status from day one of approval.
Schengen Access Travel freely within the Schengen Area with your residency permit.
Four-Generation Coverage Include children, parents, grandparents, and even in-laws in one application.
Path to Citizenship Potential to obtain citizenship through a separate, long-term naturalization route.
No Residency Requirement Maintain your status without living in the country.
Fast Processing Receive your decision in approximately 4 to 6 months.

5. 🇮🇪 Ireland

Ireland’s Golden Visa, known as the Immigrant Investor Programme (IIP), is an excellent option for those seeking EU residency in an English-speaking country with a booming economy and high quality of life.

With minimal physical presence required (just one day per year), it offers a flexible route to long-term residency and citizenship eligibility after five years.

Investment Options

  • €1 million in approved investment funds or enterprises (held for 3 years)
  • €500,000 philanthropic donation to Irish arts, sports, or health initiatives
  • Investment in Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)

Benefits

English-Speaking EU Country Operate in English while benefiting from strong global business connections.
Minimal Residency Requirement Only one day per year is needed to maintain your residency.
Citizenship After 5 Years Apply for citizenship after five years of continuous residency.
Family Inclusion Residency covers your spouse and dependent children.
Access to EU Services Benefit from European healthcare and education systems.
Strategic Market Access Maintain strong economic ties with both the EU and the UK.

6. 🇮🇹 Italy

Italy Golden Visa Guide

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Italy’s Golden Visa, officially the Investor Visa for Italy, offers a prestigious gateway to residency in one of Europe’s most culturally rich and economically influential countries.

The program is flexible, does not require a physical stay, and includes a path to citizenship after ten years of legal residency.

Investment Options

  • €250,000 in an innovative Italian startup
  • €500,000 in an established Italian company
  • €2 million in Italian government bonds
  • €1 million philanthropic donation to an Italian cause

Benefits

No Physical Stay Requirement Maintain your Italian residency without needing to live in the country full-time.
Freedom of Movement Live in Italy or travel freely across the entire Schengen Area.
Path to Citizenship Become eligible for Italian citizenship after 10 years of legal residency.
Healthcare & Education Access Italy’s public healthcare system and renowned universities.
Family Residency Spouse and dependents are included in your residency rights.
World-Class Lifestyle Immerse yourself in Italy’s rich culture, cuisine, and quality of life.

7. 🇨🇾 Cyprus

Cyprus offers a fast-track permanent residency program through real estate investment, ideal for those seeking a Mediterranean lifestyle and EU proximity.

While citizenship now requires long-term residence, the Golden Visa offers lifetime residency rights with minimal requirements, including only one visit every two years.

Investment Options

  • Purchase of new residential property worth at least €300,000
  • Commercial property, company shares, or Cyprus-based investment funds

Benefits

Fast-Track Permanent Residency Receive permanent residency approval within approximately 2–3 months.
Minimal Stay Requirement Only one visit every two years is required to maintain your status.
Family Included Covers spouse, children, and dependent parents under one application.
High Quality of Life Enjoy a Mediterranean lifestyle with excellent weather and vibrant living.
Healthcare & Education Access public healthcare and quality private education options.
Gateway to Europe Benefit from a stable legal system and favorable tax framework in an EU-access country.

8. 🇭🇺 Hungary

Hungary’s Golden Visa program, recently relaunched in 2024, offers a low-barrier entry to EU residency through structured investment options like real estate funds.

With a long-term 10-year residency card and access to the Schengen Zone, it’s a compelling option for investors seeking affordable, flexible residency in Europe.

Investment Options

  • Minimum €250,000 in a Hungarian real estate investment fund
  • Contributions to strategic national projects

Benefits

10-Year Renewable Residency Obtain long-term residency from day one, renewable every decade.
Citizenship Eligibility Become eligible for citizenship after 8 years of legal residency.
Schengen Travel Access Travel visa-free across all countries in the Schengen Area.
Family Residency Include your spouse and dependent children under one application.
Affordable EU Living Enjoy a low cost of living in a centrally located European country.
Fast-Track Residency Quick approval process with no obligation to relocate full-time.

9. 🇹🇷 Turkey

Turkey’s Citizenship by Investment program is one of the fastest and most straightforward in the world, granting full citizenship, not just residency, within months.

With no stay requirement and a relatively low real estate threshold, it’s a favored option for investors seeking a second passport quickly and access to a strategic location bridging Europe and Asia.

Investment Options

  • Purchase real estate worth at least $400,000
  • Capital investment of $500,000+
  • Creation of at least 50 jobs in Turkey

Benefits

Fast Citizenship Process Full Turkish citizenship granted in approximately 6 months.
No Residency or Language Requirement No need to live in Turkey or speak Turkish to qualify.
Healthcare & Education Access Tap into Turkey’s public services, including hospitals and schools.
Dual Citizenship Allowed Retain your original nationality while gaining Turkish citizenship.
Strategic Global Location Access both European and Asian markets from a single, powerful base.
Global Travel Freedom Enjoy visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to over 110 countries.

Top Golden Visa Countries in the Americas

The Americas offer investor visa programs that combine pathways to citizenship with strong economic and educational opportunities.

While the processes may take longer, these programs, especially in the U.S. and Canada, provide robust legal rights, access to top-tier systems, and long-term security for families.

10. 🇺🇸 United States (EB-5)

The EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program offers foreign nationals the opportunity to gain U.S. permanent residency (Green Card) through investment that creates American jobs.

It’s ideal for investors seeking to establish roots in the U.S., access top-tier education for their children, and eventually pursue citizenship after five years of residency.

Investment Options

  • $800,000 investment in a Targeted Employment Area (TEA)
  • $1.05 million in a non-TEA project
  • Regional Center or direct investment in a U.S. commercial enterprise

Benefits

Direct Path to Green Card Gain U.S. permanent residency through a straightforward investment route.
Citizenship Eligibility Apply for U.S. citizenship after five years as a Green Card holder.
Top-Tier Education & Healthcare Access some of the world’s best universities and medical systems.
Freedom of Mobility Live, work, or study anywhere in the United States with no restrictions.
Family Inclusion Includes spouse and children under the age of 21 in your application.
No Prerequisites No language, education, or business background required to apply.

11. 🇨🇦 Canada

Canada offers several provincial investor and entrepreneur programs that provide a pathway to permanent residency and eventual citizenship.

These programs are especially appealing for families looking for a safe, multicultural society, with access to top-tier healthcare, education, and quality of life.

While there’s no federal Golden Visa, Canada’s regional programs act as robust alternatives.

Investment Options

Benefits

Safe & Livable Environment Gain residency in one of the world’s safest and most desirable countries.
Citizenship Pathway Obtain Canadian citizenship through permanent residency and physical presence.
Public Services Access Enjoy universal healthcare and free public education across provinces.
Entrepreneur-Friendly Programs Immigration streams designed for business owners and startup founders.
Inclusive Residency Spouse and dependent children are included in your application.
Bilingual Living Choose between English-speaking or French-speaking provinces for your new home.

12. 🇵🇦 Panama

Panama’s residency-by-investment programs are known for their fast-track process, low entry cost, and ease of maintaining status.

Through options like the Friendly Nations Visa or Qualified Investor Program, Panama provides a practical path to permanent residency and citizenship after 5 years, all while living in a dollar-based, tax-friendly economy.

Investment Options

  • Real estate investment of at least $300,000
  • Fixed-term deposit with a Panamanian bank
  • Business creation under the Friendly Nations Visa

Benefits

Fast Permanent Residency Obtain permanent residency in as little as 30 days through an efficient application process.
Citizenship Pathway Become eligible for citizenship after five years of legal residence.
Tax-Free Foreign Income No global income tax on earnings generated outside the country.
Stable & Business-Friendly Live in a politically stable environment with strong support for entrepreneurs.
Affordable & Healthy Lifestyle Enjoy a low cost of living with access to international-standard healthcare.
Flexible Residency Rules Maintain your residency with minimal physical presence requirements.

Golden Visa Programs in the Caribbean

Caribbean Golden Visa programs offer a faster route to citizenship compared to many European options. They are particularly attractive for their tax benefits and visa-free access, allowing holders to travel to numerous countries without the need for a visa.

In addition, these programs often provide both residence and citizenship, giving investors and their families long-term security and flexibility. However, they typically don’t provide the same level of access to large economic markets as European programs do.

These programs are ideal for those seeking a second passport quickly, with minimal residency requirements and attractive tax benefits.

13. 🇩🇲 Dominica

Dominica’s Citizenship by Investment (CBI) program is known for being one of the most affordable and efficient in the world. With no residency or travel requirements, a quick approval process, and a low minimum donation, it offers a fast and reliable route to a second passport and greater global mobility.

Investment Options

Benefits

Rapid Citizenship Approval Obtain full citizenship in as little as 3 months.
No Residency or Interview No physical presence, language test, or interview required.
Extensive Travel Access Visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 140+ countries, including the UK and Schengen Area.
Tax-Friendly Environment No taxes on wealth, inheritance, or capital gains.
Family Eligibility Include spouse, children, and dependent relatives in your application.
Affordable Global Citizenship Gain a well-regarded second passport with strong international reputation.

14. 🇱🇨 St. Lucia

St. Lucia offers a streamlined and cost-effective Citizenship by Investment program, appealing to investors looking for a fast second passport without relocation.

With multiple investment routes and no residency requirement, the program combines flexibility, efficiency, and excellent global mobility.

Investment Options

  • $100,000 donation to the National Economic Fund
  • Investment in pre-approved real estate projects
  • Purchase of government bonds ($300,000 minimum)

Benefits

Quick Citizenship Timeline Secure citizenship in 3–6 months with no interview or travel required.
Extensive Travel Freedom Visa-free access to 140+ countries, including the EU and UK.
Tax-Neutral Jurisdiction No taxes on wealth, inheritance, or capital gains.
Inclusive Family Coverage Spouse, children, and parents are eligible under one application.
Family-Friendly Options Affordable solutions tailored for families seeking a second passport.
Flexible Investment Routes Choose from real estate, donation, or business investments to qualify.

15. 🇰🇳 St. Kitts & Nevis

St. Kitts & Nevis operates the oldest and one of the most reputable Citizenship by Investment programs in the world. Known for its fast processing times and solid international standing, it offers investors a quick, efficient route to a Caribbean passport with no need to reside in the country.

Investment Options

Benefits

Fastest Citizenship Approval Gain full citizenship in as little as 60 days — one of the quickest options available.
No Residency Requirement No need to reside in or even visit the country to qualify.
Extensive Travel Benefits Enjoy visa-free access to 150+ countries, including the EU and UK.
Dual Citizenship Allowed Maintain your current nationality while holding a second passport.
Trusted Legal Framework Participate in a long-established, government-backed citizenship program.
Family Inclusion Cover your spouse, children, and dependent parents under one application.

16. 🇬🇩 Grenada

Grenada’s Citizenship by Investment program is highly regarded for its access to the U.S. E-2 visa and strong global mobility.

With no residency requirement, fast processing, and the ability to include family members, it’s a smart option for investors looking for both a second passport and business opportunities in the U.S..

Investment Options

  • $150,000 donation to the National Transformation Fund
  • $220,000+ investment in approved real estate projects

Benefits

Quick Citizenship Timeline Obtain citizenship in just 3–4 months through an efficient process.
U.S. E-2 Visa Eligibility Qualify to apply for the U.S. E-2 visa and operate a business in America.
Global Travel Access Travel visa-free or visa-on-arrival to over 140 countries, including China and Russia.
Zero Personal Taxes No taxes on income, wealth, or inheritance.
Inclusive Family Coverage Citizenship available for spouse, children, parents, and siblings.
Dual Citizenship with Privacy Keep your original nationality and enjoy strong confidentiality protections.

17. 🇦🇬 Antigua & Barbuda

Antigua & Barbuda offers a flexible and family-friendly Citizenship by Investment program with one of the lowest entry points among Caribbean nations.

With minimal physical presence requirements and several investment routes, it’s ideal for those seeking a second passport for global mobility and family inclusion.

Investment Options

Benefits

Citizenship in 3–6 Months Fast-track your citizenship with processing times as short as 3 months.
Minimal Residency Requirement Maintain your status with just 5 days of physical presence over 5 years.
Visa-Free Travel Travel to 150+ countries without a visa, including the UK and Schengen Area.
Family Coverage Spouse, children, parents, and siblings can be included under one application.
Affordable for Families Benefit from low government and processing fees for large families.
Stability & Security Invest in citizenship from a country with a solid political and economic foundation.

Top Golden Visa Countries in the Middle East & Asia

Golden Visa programs in Asia and the Middle East prioritize long-term residency over citizenship, though some offer exceptional lifestyle perks or eventual nationality options.

These programs are often tax-efficient, highly flexible, and tailored for high-net-worth individuals, retirees, or remote workers. They tend to emphasize ease of application and low physical presence requirements.

18. 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates (UAE)

The UAE’s Golden Visa offers long-term residency in a tax-free, innovation-driven environment, making it highly attractive to entrepreneurs, investors, and skilled professionals.

With no income tax, world-class infrastructure, and a 10-year renewable visa, it’s ideal for those seeking flexibility without a minimum stay requirement.

Investment Options

  • Real estate investment of AED 2 million (~$545,000)
  • Public investment via approved funds
  • Business or startup creation in designated sectors

Benefits

10-Year Renewable Residency Long-term residency with the option to include your entire family.
No Income or Wealth Taxes Keep more of what you earn — the UAE has no personal income or wealth tax.
Live and Work Freely Choose from Dubai, Abu Dhabi, or other Emirates for residency and business.
World-Class Healthcare & Education Access top-tier services for health, schooling, and higher education.
Innovation & Business Hub Thrive in one of the fastest-growing economies for startups and investment.
Citizenship by Presidential Decree Though rare, exceptional contributors may be granted UAE citizenship.

19. 🇹🇭 Thailand

Thailand’s Elite Visa program offers long-term residency options through a membership-based model, rather than traditional investment.

It’s ideal for retirees, digital nomads, or high-net-worth individuals who want to enjoy Thailand’s lifestyle, healthcare, and affordability, without immigration complexities.

Investment Options

  • One-time membership fee starting from ~$17,000 (varies by package)
  • Packages range from 5 to 20 years of residency
  • No property or business investment required

Benefits

Long-Term Residency Secure residency for up to 20 years with no need for yearly renewals.
No Tax on Foreign Income Enjoy complete tax exemption on income earned outside the country.
VIP Travel Perks Benefit from airport fast-track, concierge services, and exclusive resident privileges.
Family Inclusion Depending on the package, spouse and children can be included in your residency.
Affordable Living & Healthcare Experience a low cost of living paired with quality healthcare options.
Ideal for Long-Stay Lifestyles Perfect for remote workers, retirees, and digital nomads seeking comfort and stability.

20. 🇲🇾 Malaysia

Malaysia’s Malaysia My Second Home (MM2H) program offers a renewable 10-year residency visa for foreign investors, retirees, and expats.

Known for its low cost of living, excellent healthcare, and strategic location in Southeast Asia, it’s a popular choice for those seeking flexibility without major capital risk.

Investment Options

  • Fixed deposit of RM 1 million ($240,000) in a Malaysian bank
  • Optional real estate purchase for lifestyle enhancement
  • Additional financial proof of income and liquid assets

Benefits

10-Year Renewable Residency Secure long-term residency with a visa renewable every decade.
No Full-Time Stay Required Maintain your residency status without the need to live in-country year-round.
Private Healthcare Access Benefit from high-quality private medical services and facilities.
English-Friendly & Diverse Communicate easily in English and enjoy a rich, multicultural society.
Family Coverage Spouse and dependent children can be included in the residency visa.
ASEAN Travel Gateway Use your residency as a base for regional travel and access to Southeast Asian markets.

Other Notable Golden Visa Countries

While European and Caribbean nations dominate the Golden Visa landscape, several other countries across the globe offer residency or citizenship by investment tailored to specific investor needs. These programs provide unique lifestyle, financial, and legal advantages depending on region and goals.

From the business-friendly climates of Australia and New Zealand to the growing investment gateways of South America and East Asia, these options offer long-term opportunities for global mobility and relocation.

Country Key Features Benefits
Brazil * Minimum investment: ~$110,000 in productive activities or real estate
* Residency typically granted within 12 months
* Citizenship possible after 4 years of legal residency
* Allows dual citizenship
* Access to a large, emerging market
* Opportunity for permanent residency and eventual passport
* Visa-free access to most of Latin America and Mercosur countries
South Korea * Minimum investment: ₩500 million (~$375,000) in real estate or public funds
* Residency permit granted initially for 2–5 years
* Citizenship possible after 5 years of continuous residence
* Stable and tech-driven economy
* Safe and modern lifestyle
* Strong healthcare and infrastructure
* Access to East Asian markets and regional travel
Australia * Minimum investment: AUD 5 million in complying investments
* No upper age limit or language requirements
* Path to permanent residency after 3 years
* Processing time: Typically 6–9 months
* Access to Australia’s robust economy and high quality of life
* World-class education system
* Beautiful natural environments and favorable climate
New Zealand * Investor 1 Visa: NZD 10 million investment over 3 years
* Investor 2 Visa: NZD 3 million investment over 4 years
* Points-based system for Investor 2 category
* Processing time: Generally 12–18 months
* Stable political and economic environment
* High standard of living and excellent work-life balance
* Stunning natural beauty and clean environment

These countries offer diverse and strategic residency-by-investment opportunities for investors seeking global mobility, security, and access to new markets. Each program has its own investment thresholds, timelines, and lifestyle advantages, making them suitable for different personal and financial goals.

When comparing options like Brazil’s accessible pathway to citizenship, or South Korea’s route through real estate and fund investments, it’s important to evaluate long-term residency commitments, processing speed, and regional opportunities.

These programs can be particularly attractive for individuals looking beyond Europe or the Caribbean, especially those focused on business expansion, regional integration, or lifestyle relocation in dynamic economies.

Including Dependents: Family Members in Golden Visa Applications

One of the most valuable aspects of many golden visa programs is the ability to include family members in your application. This means that not only the main investor, but also their spouse, dependant children, and sometimes dependant parents, can benefit from permanent residency and, eventually, citizenship.

Key points about including family members:

  • Eligibility: Most golden visa programs allow the main applicant to include their spouse, children (often up to a certain age or if financially dependent), and sometimes parents or parents-in-law.
  • Documentation: Additional documents, such as birth and marriage certificates and proof of financial dependence, are usually required.
  • Benefits: Family members receive the same rights as the main applicant, including access to education and healthcare and the right to live, work, and study in the host country.
  • Path to citizenship: In many golden visa programs, family members can also apply for citizenship after meeting the residency and citizenship requirements.

Including family members in your golden visa application ensures that your loved ones can enjoy the same security, opportunities, and quality of life that come with residency and citizenship as investments.

Planning for Your Family’s Future?

We’ll guide you through Golden Visa options that include your spouse, children, and even parents—so everyone benefits from your move.

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Cheapest Golden Visa Option

For investors seeking the most affordable path to residency or citizenship, several countries offer golden visa programs with relatively low minimum investment requirements.

The Vanuatu citizenship by investment program is often cited as the cheapest option, requiring a minimum investment of $130,000. Other cost-effective programs include Malta, Dominica, and the United Arab Emirates, with minimum investments ranging from €182,000 to $200,000.

When evaluating the cheapest golden visa option, consider:

  • Minimum investment: The headline figure is important, but be sure to factor in all associated costs.
  • Additional fees: Application, due diligence, and legal fees can add significantly to the total cost.
  • Benefits: Compare what each program offers in terms of visa-free travel, residency rights, and the path to citizenship.
  • Requirements: Some programs have stricter requirements or longer processing times, which may affect your decision.

While the minimum investment is a key factor, the best golden visa program for you will balance affordability with the benefits, requirements, and long-term value that align with your personal and financial goals.

Comparison of Golden Visa Countries

Comparison of Golden Visa Countries

When considering a Golden Visa program, it’s essential to compare different countries’ offerings to find the best fit for your needs and goals. It is also important to consider the amount of time required for application processing, as well as the timeline for reaching permanent residency or citizenship.

Country Key Features Investment Options Benefits
Portugal * Minimum investment: €280,000 - €500,000 (real estate)
* Minimal stay requirement: 7 days per year
* Path to citizenship: Eligible after five years of residency
* Real estate
* Capital transfer
* Job creation
* Research or artistic production
* Access to Schengen Area
* High quality of life
* Favorable tax regime (Non-Habitual Resident program)
Spain * Minimum investment: €500,000 (real estate)
* No minimum stay requirement for renewal
* Path to citizenship: Eligible after 10 year residency
* Real estate
* Government bonds
* Business investment
* Large economy with diverse opportunities
* Rich culture and excellent climate
Greece * Minimum investment: €250,000 (real estate)
* No minimum stay requirement
* Path to citizenship: After 7 years
* Real estate
* Strategic investment
* Lowest real estate investment threshold in Europe
* Beautiful Mediterranean lifestyle
Malta * Minimum contribution: €150,000 (gov't contribution)
* Property purchase or rental required
* Path to citizenship: After 1-3 years (separate program)
* Government contribution
* Real estate purchase or rental
* Government bonds
* Fast processing times
* Strong passport for global mobility
Ireland * Minimum investment: €1 million (various options)
* One day per year residency requirement
* Path to citizenship: After 5 years
* Enterprise investment
* Investment funds
* Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
* Access to EU/EEA
* Strong economy and education system
* English-speaking country
UAE * Minimum investment: AED 2 million (~$545,000)
* 10-year long-term visa
* Citizenship available by presidential approval
* Real estate
* Public investments
* Business establishment
* No income tax
* Modern lifestyle
* Stable economy
United States (EB-5) * Minimum investment: $800,000 (TEA) or $1.05M
* Must create at least 10 full-time jobs
* Path to Green Card and citizenship after 5 years
* Regional Center projects
* Direct business investment
* Access to US market
* High-quality healthcare and education
* Citizenship route
Canada * Provincial investor programs
* Residency-based path to citizenship
* Net worth and business experience required
* Business establishment
* Government bonds
* Nominee programs
* High standard of living
* Excellent healthcare and education
* Safe and multicultural society
Italy * Minimum investment: €250,000 (startup) or €500,000+
* 2-year renewable residency permit
* Path to citizenship: After 10 years
* Company investment
* Philanthropic donation
* Government bonds
* Vibrant culture and economy
* Access to Schengen Area
* No physical stay required
Cyprus * Minimum real estate investment: €300,000
* Must visit every 2 years
* Permanent residency with fast-track
* Residential or commercial property
* Business investments
* Mediterranean lifestyle
* EU proximity
* Family included
Hungary * Minimum investment: €250,000 (real estate fund)
* Residency valid for 10 years
* Citizenship after 8 years
* Real estate funds
* Public projects
* Low cost of living
* Access to Schengen Area
* Fast-track residency
Turkey * Minimum investment: $400,000 (real estate)
* No stay requirement
* Citizenship granted within ~6 months
* Real estate
* Capital investment
* Business or job creation
* Fast processing
* Strategic location
* Dual citizenship allowed
Dominica * Minimum investment: $100,000 (donation)
* No stay requirement
* Citizenship granted in ~3 months
* Economic Diversification Fund
* Approved real estate
* Affordable second passport
* Visa-free to 140+ countries
* Tax-friendly
St. Lucia * Minimum investment: $100,000 (donation)
* No residency requirement
* Citizenship in 3–6 months
* National Economic Fund
* Real estate
* Government bonds
* Fast-track passport
* Travel to UK, EU, Hong Kong
* No wealth or inheritance tax
St. Kitts & Nevis * Minimum: $250,000 (SGF) or $400,000 (real estate)
* No stay required
* Fastest citizenship process (~60 days)
* Sustainable Growth Fund
* Pre-approved real estate
* Oldest CBI program
* Dual citizenship
* Stable legal system
Grenada * Minimum: $150,000 (donation)
* No residency requirement
* Citizenship in 3–4 months
* National Transformation Fund
* Real estate projects
* E-2 visa access to USA
* Family eligibility
* Visa-free to China & Russia
Antigua & Barbuda * Minimum: $100,000 (donation)
* 5-day visit in 5 years
* Citizenship in 3–6 months
* National Development Fund
* Real estate
* Business investment
* Family-friendly pricing
* Visa-free to 150+ countries
* Stable economy
Thailand * Minimum fee: ~$17,000
* Elite Visa program
* Long-term stay (5–20 years)
* Membership purchase
* No investment required
* No tax on foreign income
* Premium lifestyle perks
* Easy application process
Malaysia * Fixed deposit: ~RM 1 million (~$240,000)
* MM2H program
* 10-year renewable visa
* Fixed deposit
* Property purchase (optional)
* Low cost of living
* Southeast Asia access
* English widely spoken
Panama * Minimum investment: $300,000 (real estate)
* Fast-track permanent residency
* Citizenship after 5 years
* Real estate
* Fixed-term deposit
* Friendly Nations Visa
* Dollar-based economy
* Tax benefits
* Lenient stay requirements
Brazil * Minimum investment: ~$110,000
* Residency in 1 year
* Citizenship after 4 years
* Real estate
* Productive investments
* Large domestic market
* Dual citizenship
* Path to Mercosur access

Before you apply for a golden visa, make sure to review the eligibility criteria and understand the steps involved in the application process. Here’s a comparative overview of key aspects across various Golden Visa countries:

Investment Thresholds:

The minimum investment required varies significantly between countries:

  • Most affordable: Dominica and Antigua and Barbuda ($100,000 donation)
  • Mid-range: Portugal (€280,000 - €500,000 in real estate)
  • High-end: New Zealand (NZD 3 million - NZD 10 million)

The type of investment also differs, with options including real estate, government bonds, business investment, and donations to national funds.

Processing Times:

  • Fastest: Caribbean nations (2-6 months)
  • Moderate: European countries (6-12 months)
  • Longest: United States EB-5 (24-36 months)

Faster processing times often come with higher due diligence standards and the potential for additional scrutiny.

Residency Requirements:

  • Minimal: Caribbean countries (often no residency required)
  • Low: Portugal (7 days per year)
  • Moderate: Spain (no requirement for renewal, but affects path to citizenship)
  • Highest: United States (must reside to maintain Green Card status)

Consider how much time you're willing to spend in the country when choosing a program.

Path to Citizenship:

  • Immediate: Caribbean countries (citizenship by investment)
  • Short-term: Portugal (5 years), Canada (3 years after permanent residency)
  • Long-term: Spain (10 years), United States (5 years after Green Card)

Some investors prioritise quick citizenship, while others focus on resident benefits.

Visa-Free Travel:

  • Extensive: Malta (184 countries), Portugal (188 countries)
  • Moderate: Caribbean countries (140-150 countries)
  • Limited: China (80 countries)

Consider your travel needs and destinations when evaluating this aspect.

Tax Implications:

  • Tax-friendly: Caribbean nations, Portugal (Non-Habitual Resident scheme)
  • Moderate: Spain, Greece
  • High-tax: United States (global income taxation)

Consult a tax advisor to understand the full implications for your situation.

Quality of Life:

  • High standard of living: Canada, Australia, New Zealand
  • Desirable climate: Portugal, Spain, Caribbean countries
  • Cultural attractions: European countries
  • Economic opportunities: United States, Canada

Personal preferences play a significant role in this aspect.

Education and Healthcare:

  • Renowned education systems: United States, United Kingdom, Canada
  • Universal healthcare: Most European countries, Canada
  • Private healthcare focus: United States, some Caribbean nations

Consider your family's needs when evaluating these factors.

When comparing Golden Visa countries, it's crucial to weigh these factors against your personal and financial goals. Each program has its strengths and potential drawbacks, and the best choice depends on your individual circumstances, long-term objectives, and lifestyle preferences.

Choosing the Right Golden Visa Country

Selecting the ideal Golden Visa program is a crucial decision that requires careful consideration of various factors. Here's a guide to help you navigate this complex choice:

Assess Your Goals:

  • Residency vs. Citizenship: Determine whether you're seeking temporary residency, permanent residency, or a fast track to citizenship.
  • Investment vs. Lifestyle: Consider if your primary goal is financial investment or improving your quality of life.
  • Global Mobility: Evaluate how important visa-free travel is to your decision.

Evaluate Your Budget:

  • Initial Investment: Consider the minimum investment required and ensure it aligns with your financial capacity.
  • Additional Costs: Factor in application fees, legal costs, and potential property maintenance or business operational expenses.
  • Return on Investment: Assess the potential for capital appreciation or income generation from your investment.

Consider Family Needs:

  • Education: If you have children, research the quality and accessibility of schools and universities in the country.
  • Healthcare: Evaluate the standard of healthcare services and their availability to residents.
  • Family Reunification: Check if the program allows for inclusion of dependants and extended family members.

Analyse Tax Implications:

  • Personal Income Tax: Understand the country's tax regime and how it might affect your global income.
  • Corporate Tax: If you're planning to do business, research the corporate tax structure.
  • Double Taxation Treaties: Check if there are agreements between your home country and the Golden Visa country.

Examine Residency Requirements:

  • Physical Presence: Ensure you can meet the minimum stay requirements without disrupting your current lifestyle or business commitments.
  • Path to Permanent Residency: Understand the process and timeline for obtaining permanent residency, if that's your goal.

Assess Long-Term Stability:

  • Political Climate: Research the country's political stability and attitude towards foreign investors.
  • Economic Outlook: Consider the country's economic prospects and how they might affect your investment.
  • Program Stability: Evaluate the likelihood of significant changes to the Golden Visa program in the future.

Cultural Fit and Lifestyle:

  • Language: Consider whether you're willing to learn a new language if required.
  • Climate: Think about your preferred climate and whether the country offers it.
  • Cultural Adaptation: Reflect on how well you might integrate into the local culture and lifestyle.

Seek Professional Advice:

  • Legal Counsel: Consult with immigration lawyers who specialise in Golden Visa programs.
  • Financial Advisors: Discuss your plans with financial experts who understand international investments and tax implications.
  • Real Estate Professionals: If considering property investment, work with reputable local real estate agents.

By carefully considering these factors, you can make a more informed decision about which Golden Visa country best suits your needs and objectives. Remember, this is a significant life decision that requires thorough research and careful planning.

Don't hesitate to seek expert advice to guide you through the process and help you navigate the complexities of international investment and immigration.

Need Help Choosing the Right Golden Visa Country?

From tax rules to residency requirements, we’ll help you weigh your options and make the right call—for you and your family.

Talk to a Golden Visa Expert

Potential Risks and Considerations

While Golden Visa programs offer numerous benefits, it's crucial to be aware of potential risks and challenges:

Due Diligence Importance:

  • Thoroughly research each program and country
  • Be wary of unrealistic promises or pressure tactics from intermediaries
  • Verify the legitimacy of investment opportunities, especially in real estate

Political and Economic Stability:

  • Consider the long-term political outlook of the country
  • Evaluate economic indicators and growth prospects
  • Be aware of potential policy changes that could affect your investment or residency status

Program Stability:

  • Understand that Golden Visa programs can change or be discontinued
  • Stay informed about ongoing debates or criticisms of these programs
  • Consider how potential changes might affect your long-term plans

Legal and Regulatory Compliance:

  • Ensure full compliance with all program requirements
  • Be prepared for stringent due diligence checks
  • Understand the legal obligations of maintaining your visa or citizenship status

Application Process Overview

The application process for Golden Visa programs typically involves the following steps:

  1. Choose a Program: Select the country and specific investment route
  2. Gather Documents: Collect all required personal and financial documents
  3. Make the Investment: Complete the qualifying investment
  4. Submit Application: File your application with the relevant authorities
  5. Background Checks: Undergo due diligence and security checks
  6. Biometrics: Provide biometric data if required
  7. Interview: Attend an interview if necessary (not required for all programs)
  8. Approval: Receive decision on your application
  9. Obtain Visa/Residency: Complete any final steps to obtain your Golden Visa or residency permit

Required documentation typically includes:

  • Passport copies
  • Birth certificates
  • Marriage certificates (if applicable)
  • Police clearance certificates
  • Proof of investment
  • Source of funds documentation
  • Medical certificates
  • Proof of address

Future of Golden Visa Programs

The landscape of Golden Visa programs is continually evolving:

Current Trends:

  • Increased scrutiny and due diligence
  • Higher investment thresholds in some countries
  • Growing focus on "impact investments" that benefit local communities

Potential Changes:

  • Stricter regulations to prevent abuse and ensure economic benefits
  • Possible standardization of programs within the EU
  • Introduction of new investment categories (e.g., green energy, technology)

Factors Influencing Future Developments:

  • Global economic conditions
  • Political pressures, especially in the EU
  • Competition between countries for foreign investment

Conclusion

Golden Visa programs offer a unique opportunity for individuals seeking residency or citizenship through investment. Each country's program has its own set of benefits, requirements, and considerations. When exploring these options, it's crucial to:

  • Thoroughly research and compare different programs
  • Consider your long-term goals and family needs
  • Understand the full financial implications, including taxes
  • Be aware of the legal and residency requirements
  • Seek professional advice from legal and financial experts

While Golden Visa programs can provide significant benefits, they also come with responsibilities and potential risks. By making an informed decision and carefully navigating the application process, you can leverage these programs to achieve your global mobility and investment goals.

Remember, the world of Golden Visas is dynamic, with programs and regulations subject to change. Stay informed about the latest developments and be prepared to adapt your plans if necessary.

With careful planning and the right approach, a Golden Visa can be a valuable tool for expanding your global opportunities and securing a bright future for you and your family.

Frequently Asked Questions

What exactly is a Golden Visa?

A Golden Visa is a government-issued residency permit offered to foreign nationals who invest in a country’s economy—usually through real estate, business, or public funds. It provides the right to live, and often work or study, in the country, and may lead to permanent residency or even citizenship over time.

Do all Golden Visas lead to citizenship?

No. While many Golden Visa programs offer a path to citizenship, the timeline and requirements vary. Some countries require long-term physical residence, language proficiency, or cultural integration, while others do not provide a citizenship option at all. Always check the specific residency-to-citizenship pathway before investing.

What is the fastest Golden Visa or Citizenship by Investment program?

Programs in the Caribbean, such as Dominica and St. Kitts & Nevis, offer citizenship in as little as 60–90 days. In terms of Golden Visas, Turkey and Malta have some of the quickest routes to full citizenship, though the processes differ. European residency-based routes like Portugal or Greece take longer but offer broader access.

Which Golden Visa programs allow me to include family members?

Most programs allow the inclusion of family members. Here are the common dependents eligible:

  • Spouse or legal partner
  • Children under 18 (some up to 26 if studying)
  • Dependent parents or in-laws
  • Occasionally, siblings or grandparents (depends on the country)

Always review age limits and dependency rules, as they vary.

Can I apply for a Golden Visa without physically moving to the country?

Yes. Many countries do not require you to relocate. Some, like Greece, Spain, and Turkey, have no physical stay requirements, while others, like Portugal, ask for minimal stays (e.g., 7 days per year). This makes them ideal for those seeking flexibility or global mobility without emigrating full-time.

What’s the difference between a Golden Visa and a second passport?

A Golden Visa offers residency rights, while a second passport means full citizenship. The former allows you to live and sometimes work in a country, whereas the latter gives you all the legal rights of a citizen, including voting, local healthcare, and unrestricted travel on that country’s passport.

What’s the minimum investment for a Golden Visa?

Minimum investment amounts vary significantly:

  • €250,000 – Greece (real estate)
  • $100,000 – Dominica, Antigua (donation-based CBI)
  • €280,000–€500,000 – Portugal (real estate or funds)
  • $400,000 – Turkey (real estate for citizenship)
  • AUD 5 million – Australia (investor stream)

Higher thresholds typically bring faster processing or better benefits.

Can I lose my residency or citizenship after obtaining a Golden Visa?

Yes. Non-compliance with program rules—such as failing to maintain the investment, not meeting visit requirements, or providing false documentation—can lead to revocation. Citizenship is usually more secure than residency but can also be rescinded under fraud or national security concerns.

Are Golden Visas the same as retirement visas?

Not quite. Golden Visas are investment-driven and often have a pathway to citizenship. Retirement visas usually cater to older individuals with passive income or pensions and may not allow employment or lead to permanent status. However, some countries offer both options side by side.

Do Golden Visas offer tax benefits?

Some countries provide tax incentives to Golden Visa holders. Portugal’s Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) regime, for example, offers reduced or zero taxes on foreign income for 10 years. Similarly, Caribbean nations like Dominica and St. Lucia have no wealth, inheritance, or capital gains tax. Tax planning should be discussed with a specialist.

Which Golden Visa programs are best for frequent travelers?

If your goal is global mobility, consider programs that offer:

  • Portugal or Malta – Access to the Schengen Area
  • St. Lucia, Dominica – Visa-free travel to 140+ countries
  • Grenada – Visa-free access to China and eligibility for U.S. E-2 visa
  • Ireland – Travel and work rights within the EU and UK

Passport strength and visa-free access vary widely by country.

How long does the Golden Visa process take from start to finish?

It ranges from as little as 60 days (e.g., St. Kitts & Nevis fast track) to over 24 months (e.g., United States EB-5 visa). Most programs, however, fall within the 3–12 month window. Processing speed often depends on due diligence checks, documentation, and government efficiency.

Can I work or start a business with a Golden Visa?

In many countries, yes. Programs like those in Portugal, Spain, Ireland, and Canada permit you to work or run a business. However, some Golden Visa schemes are purely for residency and don’t automatically grant work rights. Always verify the local rules if employment is part of your plan.

Are there any Golden Visa programs that are currently closed or suspended?

Yes. Countries occasionally pause or close their programs due to policy shifts or misuse. For example, Ireland’s program was closed in 2023, and Cyprus suspended its CBI program in 2020. It’s crucial to verify the current status of each program before starting your application.

What happens if I sell my investment property or withdraw my funds?

Selling or withdrawing an investment too early can result in losing your residency or disqualification from citizenship eligibility. Most programs require maintaining the qualifying investment for a set number of years—typically 5–7. Always check the exit conditions before making any financial changes.

How we reviewed this article

All Movingto articles go through a rigorous review process before publication. Learn more about the Movingto Editorial Process.

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